Founding Figures

None of this thinking is new. These are some of the writers, philosophers, and organizers whose work laid the ground for how we understand care, dependence, and collective survival.

← Back to the guide

bell hooks

A writer and cultural critic who treated love as an ethical practice rather than a passing feeling, tied directly to justice and community.

Leah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha

A writer and organizer who documents how disabled communities keep one another alive through networks of care.

June Jordan

A poet, essayist, and educator who wrote with urgency about justice, love, and mutual belonging.

Alexis Pauline Gumbs

A poet and scholar who draws on the traditions of radical Black mothering and the natural world to explore collective survival.

adrienne maree brown

A writer and facilitator whose concept of “emergent strategy” holds that large-scale change grows from small, trusting relationships.

Eva Feder Kittay

A philosopher who contends that dependence is an ordinary human condition rather than a failure.

Angela Davis

A scholar, author, and abolitionist whose Women, Race & Class examined how race and class shape who performs society's caregiving.

Barbara Smith

A writer, scholar, and activist who helped define Black feminism as both a movement and an intellectual tradition.

Ella Baker

A civil rights organizer who believed that strong movements do not require strong leaders, and who built participatory, grassroots democracy.

Grace Lee Boggs

A philosopher and Detroit organizer whose seven decades of activism centered the idea that people transform themselves by caring for one another.

Dean Spade

A lawyer, writer, and organizer who makes the case for mutual aid as an act of solidarity rather than charity.

Ruth Wilson Gilmore

An abolitionist geographer known for the principle that “where life is precious, life is precious.”

Thich Nhat Hanh

A Vietnamese Zen teacher who coined the term “interbeing” to describe how all things depend on one another.

Robin Wall Kimmerer

A botanist and member of the Citizen Potawatomi Nation who writes about reciprocity with the living world as a way of life.

Hortense Spillers

A literary scholar whose essays transformed how kinship, gender, and Black life under slavery are understood.

Octavia E. Butler

A pioneering science-fiction writer whose Earthseed novels imagine communities that survive collapse by adapting and depending on one another.

Audre Lorde

A poet and essayist who argued that no one lives a single-issue life and that our struggles are therefore bound together.

Bayo Akomolafe

A Nigerian philosopher, poet, and psychologist whose idea of “post-activism” invites people to slow down and notice how deeply entangled they already are.

Toni Cade Bambara

A writer, editor, and filmmaker whose 1970 anthology The Black Woman helped establish Black women's writing as a field of its own.

Stacey Park Milbern

A disability justice organizer who developed the idea of “crip ancestorship,” the wisdom and care passed between disabled people across generations.

Silvia Federici

A feminist writer and organizer who has spent decades documenting the unpaid care work that sustains society.

Selma James

A writer and organizer who helped launch the international Wages for Housework campaign in the 1970s.

Patricia Hill Collins

A sociologist who showed how race, class, and gender operate as one interlocking system, which she named the matrix of domination.

The Combahee River Collective

A group of Black feminists who declared, in 1977, that if Black women were free, everyone would be free.

Mariame Kaba

An organizer and educator who champions community-based safety and the conviction that “hope is a discipline.”

Nel Noddings

A philosopher of education who argued that the relationship between the one caring and the one cared for is the foundation of ethics.

Resmaa Menakem

A therapist and author whose book My Grandmother's Hands examines how trauma, especially racialized trauma, is carried in the body and healed through it.

Mia Mingus

A disability justice writer and educator who places interdependence at the heart of her work, arguing that needing one another is a strength rather than a deficiency.

Judy Heumann

A pioneering disability rights leader whose organizing helped secure the access laws that many disabled people depend on today.

Lucille Clifton

A poet whose spare, luminous verse honored the body, family, and the endurance of ordinary Black life.